Multiple Myeloma Symptoms
Symptoms of Myeloma cell invasion to organic tissue as follows:
1) the infiltration of the bone. The most common violations is the skull bones, ribs, sternum, spine and long bone of the proximal end. Tumor cells because of unlimited proliferation in the bone marrow cavity, resulting in diffuse osteoporosis or bone damage-limiting. Pain of bone is the most common early symptoms, most often to the waist, followed by the sternum, ribs and limbs. When the pain can be the beginning of inter-hair or walk, and after the gradual and sustained increase of. There is local tenderness, a sense of uplift or fluctuations; may be associated with incidence of pathologic fracture, usually is not weight-bearing areas, often several simultaneous fracture. X-ray inspection can be found in a typical problem of multiple osteolytic lesions, diffuse osteoporosis, such as pathological fracture, will help the diagnosis.
2) the infiltration of the bone marrow. Tumor cells with substantial proliferation in the bone marrow, caused significant changes in the bone marrow, reducing proliferation, active or apparent active. Myeloma cells is characterized by 10 ~ 90%, cell size ranging in diameter 15 ~ 30μm, oval or round, rich in cytoplasm, was dark blue or light blue, may have vacuolization, nuclear transparency in areas adjacent to not obvious. Nuclear round or oval-shaped, cells tend to side, chromatin was coarse mesh, with 1 to 2 nucleoli, large and obvious. 1 cells can be seen in some cases 2 to 3 nuclei.常呈money erythrocyte sophisticated string-like arrangement. As in the peripheral blood, the performance of normal cells for normal pigment-type anemia. In the smear, the erythrocytes were string-like money. WBC and platelet count may be normal or low, advanced performance for whole blood cells decreased.
3) infiltration of other organs. Because of spinal fracture or bone marrow tumor itself spinal nerve root compression or infiltration of brain and spinal cord, can cause neuralgia, paresthesia, and even paralysis. Because of tumor-infiltrating cells in the body, so that the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, found in the liver significantly. Can also invade other organs, causing the performance of the clinical team. Due to bone absorption and bone damage, a large number of calcium into the blood, in addition to M protein and calcium-binding calcium to make light of the increase can be caused by hypercalcemia and increased urinary calcium.
Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma With the M protein-related:
1) urinary protein, about 40 ~ 70% of myeloma patients, urine appeared in Ig light chain, known as the Jones's protein, the tumor cells due to the synthesis of Ig light chain molecules than heavy chain and light chain molecules small, since the glomerular filtration may be out of urine now, when less light chain detection is not easy to concentrate urine is positive for the high rate of electrophoresis.
2) blood sedimentation speedup, rapid increase quickly to more than 100mm.
3) anemia and bleeding. Anemia is another common clinical manifestations of disease. Thrombocytopenia, as well as M protein, caused by sluggish blood flow, vascular wall damage, platelet function and coagulation factors obstacles, often in patients with bleeding tendency, mucosal bleeding symptoms, skin purpura, late may have visceral or cranial internal bleeding, resulting in serious consequences.
4) kidney failure, because of light chain deposition in the renal tubule, hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia so that the function of tubular reabsorption of damage, the tumor cells of renal infiltration and other reasons, makes chronic renal disease has become the disease, one of salient features.
5) susceptible to infection, reduce the content of the normal Ig often cause immune dysfunction and other awards. Often in patients with repeated infections, urinary tract infection in the lungs and more often.
6) hyperviscosity syndrome, a large number of monoclonal Ig improve blood viscosity, so that slow blood flow, caused by microcirculatory disturbances, retina, brain, kidneys and other organs particularly susceptible to injury, caused by dizziness, visual impairment, such as hand, foot numbness symptoms seriously affect brain function can cause a coma. The syndrome was particularly prevalent in the IgM-myeloma and macroglobulinemia.
7) Raynaud's phenomenon, some patients with monoclonal Ig globulin precipitation cold, cold when the globulin lectin precipitation, caused by microcirculatory disturbances, hand, foot and appeared cyanotic, cold, symptoms such as numbness or pain, when symptoms ease after hot.
8) amyloidosis, a small number of patients with amyloidosis, widespread amyloid deposition in the tissues, organs and tumors, cause clinical symptoms include peripheral nerve, kidney, heart, liver, spleen cause of liver disease, splenomegaly, joint pain, neurological dysfunction.