Mitral valve prolapse Complications

Complications of Mitral valve prolapse include follow:

1. Congestive heart failure: severe mitral regurgitation leading to congestive heart failure, a valve ring progressively expanded and elongated chordae tendineae, mitral regurgitation caused by a gradual increase; can also occur in acute, more occur in chordae tendineae rupture or complicated by infective endocarditis.

2. Infective endocarditis: more common in men and more than 45 years of age, the incidence of 1% ~ 10%. If patient only have clicking sound, and systolic murmur time expand, and Unexplained fever, should suspect infective endocarditis.

3. Arrhythmia and sudden death: mitral valve prolapse arrhythmia-prone patients, no effect on health in general. To the most ventricular arrhythmias, the occurrence rate of more than 50%. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia also common. Mechanism is unknown, may be associated with mitral valve leaves, nipple retraction of tendon cord, or sympathetic activity.

Even can occur sudden death, the following circumstances is a greater risk of sudden death: mitral valve prolapse with severe decompensated left ventricular function; complex ventricular arrhythmia; QT interval was significantly prolonged; positive ventricular late potential; atrial flutter or shaking with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; young women and Mongolia, history of syncope associated with difficulty breathing.

4. Transient cerebral ischemia and embolization: as a result of cerebral embolism caused by more than 45 years of age the incidence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with up to 40%. Study shows that patients with mitral valve prolapse are often accompanied by increased platelet activity. In addition, the mitral valve and chordae tendineae surface atrial and left ventricular wall friction caused by the left endocardial fibrosis, thrombosis易致. Thrombosis may cause cerebral embolism loss, retinal artery embolization and systemic circulation (coronary, renal artery, splenic artery, mesenteric artery, etc.) embolization. Paroxysmal atrial trembling is often the precursor to cerebral embolism.