Disseminated intravascular coagulation are caused by several disease: 1) a systemic inflammatory response, leading to activation of the cytokine network and subsequent activation of coagulation (eg, in sepsis or major trauma); 2) release or exposure of procoagulant material into the bloodstream (eg, in cancer or in obstetric cases).
Conditions associated with DIC include the following:
Bacterial infection: Gram-negative sepsis, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, malaria, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, Typhoid fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, parasites
Severe Trauma, especially from brain injuries, crushing injuries, burns, and extremely low body temperature
Cancers of lung, pancreas, prostate and stomach
Malignancies, such as Solid tumors, Leukemia
Acute tissue injuries such as certain snakebites, necrotising enterocolitis, freshwater drowning, heat stroke, brain and crush injury, massive tissue destruction, and renal homograft rejection
Severe transfusion reactions
Obstetric complications
Amniotic fluid embolism
Abruptio placentae
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome/eclampsia
Retained dead fetus syndrome
Miscellaneous: Liver disease, snake bite, acute intravascular hemolysis, giant hemangioma, shock, heat stroke, vasculitis, aortic aneurysm, Serotonin syndrome
Other causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include severe toxic or immunologic reactions (eg, transfusion reactions) or severe inflammation (eg, acute pancreatitis).
