Bacteremia causes

Bacteremia has many possible causes, including dental procedures or even vigorous toothbrushing; catheterization of an infected lower urinary tract; surgical treatment of an abscess or infected wound; and colonization of indwelling devices, especially IV and intracardiac catheters, urethral catheters, and ostomy devices and tubes. Gram-negative bacteremia secondary to infection usually originates in the GU or GI tract, or the skin in patients with decubitus ulcers. Chronically ill and immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of gram-negative bacteremia. They may also develop bacteremia with gram-positive cocci, anaerobes, and fungi. Staphylococcal bacteremia is common in injection drug users. Bacteroides bacteremia may develop in patients with infections of the abdomen and the pelvis, particularly the female genital tract. If an infection in the abdomen causes bacteremia, the organism is most likely a gram-negative bacillus. If an infection above the diaphragm causes bacteremia, the organism is most likely gram positive.

Metastatic infection of the meninges or serous cavities, such as the pericardium or larger joints, can result from transient or sustained bacteremia. Multiple abscess formation is especially common with staphylococcal bacteremia. Patients with valvular heart disease, prosthetic heart valves are predisposed to endocarditis, which may occur after certain dental procedures. Staphylococci can cause gram-positive bacterial endocarditis, particularly in injection drug users, and may involve the tricuspid valve.

Conditions that the chances of developing bacteremia is increased include: